Key information

Title
CES Continuous Electrical Stimulation
Application number
20230232
Case type
National
Status
26.02.2025 P.g.a. manglende svar. Søker har ikke begjært gjenopptakelse
Filed
21.02.2023
Effective date
21.02.2023
Publicly available
22.08.2024
Applicant
TG & T AS (NO)
Inventor
GILBERTO TOFFOLO (NO) et al.

Abstract and drawing

Disclaimer: This text has been machine-scanned and may contain errors – please refer to "Publications" for legally binding content.
At least two metallic elements of the tubular to be in contact with the formation, also defined as electrodes, that are insulated from the rest of the tubular and the metallic structure of the well. A system of electrical cables connecting the two electrodes to one electric generator preferably placed at the surface outside the well in such a way that the two electrodes have different polarities. A specific sequence of electric impulses applied to the electrodes, therefore to the formation, able to create a current in the formation able to modify its permeability creating highly permeability channels.

Publications

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Documents

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Date
 Date Doc. No. Process Case number In/Out Journal description To/from
 28.07.2025 13-01 Saksbehandling 20230232 UT Endelig henleggelse ENG TG & T AS
 02.07.2025 12-01 Saksbehandling 20230232 UT PT Påminnelse om ikke betalt årsavgift (3329) (PT20230232) TG & T AS
 06.03.2025 11-01 Saksbehandling 20230232 UT Henlagt manglende svar ENG TG & T AS
 02.01.2025 10-01 Saksbehandling 20230232 UT PT Varsel om betaling av første årsavgift (3317) (PT20230232) TG & T AS
 26.11.2024 09-01 Saksbehandling 20230232 UT Substantive examination TG & T AS
 11.09.2024 08-02 Saksbehandling 20230232 INN SC EGS 09 2024 GT RV 2024 TG & T AS
 11.09.2024 08-01 Saksbehandling 20230232 INN Korrespondanse (Hovedbrev inn) TG & T AS
 29.07.2024 07-01 Saksbehandling 20230232 UT Henlagt manglende svar ENG TG & T AS
 16.05.2024 06-01 Saksbehandling 20230232 INN Korrespondanse (Hovedbrev inn) TG & T AS
 27.02.2024 05-01 Saksbehandling 20230232 INN RE_ From Gilberto Toffolo
21.09.2023 04-02 Saksbehandling 20230232 UT PT report 11:41:44
21.09.2023 04-01 Saksbehandling 20230232 UT Substantive examination TG & T AS
 10.03.2023 03-01 Saksbehandling 20230232 UT Generelt brev uten frist ENG TG & T AS
 10.03.2023 02-01 Saksbehandling 20230232 UT Informasjon til oppfinner GILBERTO TOFFOLO
 21.02.2023 01-05 Saksbehandling 20230232 INN CES Abstract TG & T AS
 21.02.2023 01-04 Saksbehandling 20230232 INN CES 2 2023 GT RK FFF TG & T AS
 21.02.2023 01-03 Saksbehandling 20230232 INN CES 2 2023 GT RK FFF TG & T AS
 21.02.2023 01-02 Saksbehandling 20230232 INN CES 2 2023 GT RK FFF TG & T AS
 21.02.2023 01-01 Saksbehandling 20230232 INN Søknadsskjema Patent TG & T AS

Description, claims and drawings

Disclaimer: This text has been machine-scanned and may contain errors – please refer to "Publications" for legally binding content. Description
ECS – Electromagnetic Continuous Stimulation SystemGilberto Toffolo, Theodor Dahlsvei 4B leil nr.103 seks.20, 4355 Kverneland, NorwayRay Kasevich, 78 Mountain Rd. Mt Washington, Massachusetts, 01258 - PO Box 248 South Egremont - Massachusetts 01258The main field of application of the inventionThe present invention relates to all producing and injecting wells and specifically addresses the loss of productivity or injectivity that is normally experienced versus time due to several different reasons affecting particularly the near wellbore, and sometimes also called “near wellbore damage” or “skin effect”. This can be caused by several reasons for example asphaltenes or scales deposition inside the formation, the drop off of condensate from the gas reducing the permeability, fine movements, or salt crystals deposition caused by vaporization of water in CO2 in carbon storage wells.The present invention can also, with minor modifications, become a system to increase the productivity of heavy oil wells by creating high permeability channels of different sizes and directions. Impulse current and voltage waveforms provide fracturing patterns without water or chemical injections. Impulse current waveforms achieve channeling through localized disintegration of rock material for enhanced liquid and gas recovery. Intense impulse current in rock has been shown to provide hollow tubular regions (less than 2.0 mm diameter) of rock disintegration by plasma energy between wells in very short time durations with low energy delivery requirements.Current state of the art solutions and their limitsThere are many solutions currently used to restore the productivity or injectivity of a well due to near wellbore damage, and they are different according to the type of problem. For example, in the case of scales or asphaltenes deposition inside the formation, the normal solution is to pump inside a solvent or an inhibitor of deposition that restores temporarily the communication with the reservoir. In some situations, it is preferred to pump acid, particularly in the case of limestones or chalk formations, given the capability of the acid to dissolve partly the rock, creating in this way new channels of communication or enlarging the existing ones. In other instances, it is possible also to run specific devices with wireline or coiled tubing to remove the damage with many different methods, from a high-velocity jet of water to high-frequency vibration or even systems able to create cavitation of water in the pores of the rock. In special cases also an electrical stimulation system has been used to improve the permeability in the near wellbore area connecting the casings of two wells with an electric generator. All different solutions have proven valuable and are normally applied, particularly in the oil & gas industry, however, they also have two important disadvantages.Primarily they normally represent temporary solutions that might need to be applied regularly several times to keep high productivity or injectivity. This will come at a clear cost and risk and also might require the production or injection to be interrupted for the time required for the operation, which can last also more than one day. Moreover, during the periods between two interventions, the production or the injection are gradually decreasing until a new application restores them. Therefore, the actual production or injection is the average between the two extreme values of clean or damaged well.Secondly, all these solutions require a diversion system, a system capable of stimulating or cleaning long intervals of reservoirs uniformly. This is not simple because especially in the case of pumping liquids there is no possibility of controlling where this liquid is actually absorbed by the formation and there could be some sections that are stimulated excessively, while others are not even put in contact with the solvent or the acid. Diversion systems have been developed, to temporarily occlude the points that absorb the most, especially in the case of acidification, but their efficiency is questionable and it is not normally possible to obtain a uniform distribution, therefore only part of the productivity can be restored.Finally the current invention can help increasing the efficiency of heat mining from the underground, particularly for the technology also known as EGS , enhanced geothermal system.Confidential Page 1 Technical aspects characterizing the innovative idea that distinguishes it from the known art.The first important difference between the proposed idea, with respect to the current art, is that the solution is permanently installed in the well and does not require entering the well with any device or pumping any fluid in an operation causing the temporary interruption of the production or injection. The second important difference is that the system can be activated easily “On-demand” as soon as the productivity or injectivity of the wells decrease. In this case, it is possible to keep the production or injection always high. It is possible to envisage, for example, a regular and “Preventive” application every week or even every day for a few minutes, if necessary, without interrupting the production or injection. Another main difference is that the proposed systems aims at creating a high permeability volume around the well using innovative well architectures and the use of existing solutions such as multilateral wells and Fishbones technology.Finally, the cost of the system is relatively low, being mostly associated only with the initial cost of the surface generator and control system. Also, in the case of a platform application, the cost of the generator and control system could be proportionally lower, since several wells could benefit from the same single unit. Even in front of the relatively higher cost for the installation, this is still quite convenient concerning all the other operations that should be necessary with conventional systems, particularly considering the downtime per every single operation and the average reduced flow rate between two successive stimulation operations.Description of the innovative ideaThe system is a modification of a conventional production or injection liner that is part of the lower completion and is normally used in underground production or injection wells. The modification consists of several metallic contact points, from now on called electrodes, that are part of the same lower completion, insulated from other parts of the well, and connected electrically with a cable to a surface electric generator.The system can be implemented with different solutions, the three most interesting being the single well, the doublet with two wells, and the single well multilateral solution.Single well solutionIn one embodiment the electrodes are directly placed along the liner while in another preferred embodiment they could be small-diameter metallic pipes departing from the production liner and entering the formation along small-diameter channels where the injected or produced fluid would flow. In the first case, the electrodes could be all of the same polarity (Fig.1), with the opposite electrode for example at the surface, or they could have alternated polarity (Fig.2) and in this case, they would be connected with a surface generator through two cables.In the second case with lateral metallic pipes (Fig.3), the electrodes would be the contact points between the lateral metallic pipes and the formation. The metallic pipes would be insulated from the production liner and the rest of the well. A hybrid solution would be the combination of electrodes placed along the liner and the lateral metallic pipes (Fig.4) with different polarities. These four different solutions could be better applied in different specific applications.The electrodes are insulated from the main production liner and also from the metallic casing system of the rest of the well. The electrodes are connected to the surface generator utilizing at least two cables with different polarities in such a way that a voltage can be applied between two electrodes of different polarities. When a voltage is applied, an electric current will flow from one electrode to the other through the productive formation.The type of current and electrical impulses applied, which is not the object of the present invention, will be able to create a preferential electrical path along the rock that gradually will turn into actual channels, becoming a preferential or highly conductivity path for the flow of the fluid. In this way, it is possible to Confidential Page 2 create a network of higher permeability channels around the production liner to improve the flow from, and to the formation.Fig.1 – Single well solution with all electrodes of the same sign and a second electrode ofopposite sign at surface.Fig.2 – Single well solution with electrodes of opposite polarity along the well.The electrodes can be placed at different points of the production liner or from different points of the lateral metallic pipes, and the channels will be created between them, along paths of minimum resistance inside the formation. The number and position of the electrodes along the liner or the lateral metallic pipes might be different for different types of formations or different well architectures, however, this will not modify the basic invention. The whole lateral pipe could be one electrode or only a part of it, for example, placed at its extreme position. However, the most practical solution would be to have the whole lateral metallic pipes as part of the same electrode, in this way the contact points would not be predefined and would be any point of contact between the lateral metallic pipes and the channel they have created. There could be several contact points for each lateral pipe with an unknown position. A channel would depart from any of these points to any of the contact points of another lateral pipe, see fig.3 and 4. The system could also take advantage of the Fishbones technology, a technology able to create in a short time a relatively high number of lateral channels with small diameter flexible pipes, about 10 m long to increase the reservoir contact. In this technology the flexible pipes are used to generate the lateral channels; however, they remain inside them. In this case, the lateral channels are grouped in three, in the case of sandstone applications, or four, in the case of limestone or chalk applications. Every group of three or four departs from a dedicated sub and every sub is connected with a section of production liner about 12 m long that contains initially the flexible pipes before they are deployed.Confidential Page 3 Fig.3 – Example of the possible channels between two lateral pipes departing from the contact points between the lateral channels and the formation.Fig.4 – Example of the possible channels between two lateral pipes departing from the contact points between the lateral pipes and the formation and one opposite electrode placed along the liner.In this case, the produced or the injected fluid will have the possibility to flow both along the channels created by the flexible pipes as well as along the channels created by the electric current. The main difference is that, in case of partial obstruction, the channels created with electricity can be reopened with an electric stimulation, when necessary.The number, direction, and length of the lateral channels and metallic pipes, can be chosen according to the specific application. In fig 5 some possible examples.The channels created by the electrical current will therefore establish a network of preferred paths for the flow of the produced or injected fluid and, whenever these channels might become clogged, a new electrical stimulation will reopen the same or create new ones inside the formation. In the case of produced fluid, the channels might be closed by asphaltenes, scales, or fines, while in the case of injected fluid could be for example impurities in the injected water or, in the case of CO2 injection, salt released by the evaporation of the formation water. It is worth noting that the process of gradual evaporation of formation water caused by the CO2 will leave a brine with very high salinity and therefore with excellent conductive properties, enhancing the efficiency of the electrical stimulation.Confidential Page 4 Fig.5 – Possible alternatives for the deployment of lateral pipes from the main wellbore. The system could have laterals with different lengths or different orientations to maximize the network of channels inside a cylindric volume of approximately 20 m in diameter.Two wells solutionIn another embodiment the electrodes (Along the liner of metallic pipes) can be placed in two different wells (Fig. 6). In this case the electrodes of one well will have opposite polarity from the other. The electrodes could be insulated from the liner or the whole liner could be insulated from the upper part of the well and connected to a surface generator by a cable. This solution, possible when there is more than one well, gives the possibility to maintain the good productivity or injectivity of two wells at the same time.Fig.6 – Possible alternative in case of two different wells.Multilateral solutionIn another embodiment, the system could be combined with multilateral technology as reported in fig 7. One well is divided into two branches of different polarities running parallel to each other at a given distance. Metallic lateral pipes could be placed horizontally to increase the reservoir contact for the flow, but that can also represent electrodes for the creation of electrical channels. In this case, all the mechanical channels generated by the pipes would represent the top and the bottom of a volume while all the electrically generated channels would connect the two branches vertically enhancing the flow from or towards the two branches. In other words, the combination of multilateral technology and lateral channels can give the possibility to create a high permeability volume that, given the possibility to repeat the electrical stimulation on demand, could maintain its original productivity or injectivity. The number of branches, the number of lateral channels, and therefore the shape of this volume could be different Confidential Page 5 according to the different situation, but there would be three basic elements: the branches of the multilateral well, lateral channels departing from them, and the electrically generated channels between the first two.Fig.7 – Possible alternative in case of multilateral wells.Application in the case of geothermal wellsOne peculiar application of the system would be in the case of wells dedicated to Heat Mining, also defined as geothermal wells. In this case, one well would inject cold fluid, for example, water, while the other would produce the same water after this has been heated by the formation. If the rock permeability is poor, it is mandatory to secure good hydraulic communication during the life of the wells. As described in fig.8 it is possible to drill two parallel wells each with lateral metallic pipes oriented towards the other well and complete the communication through electrically generated channels. The lateral metallic pipes alone cannot meet precisely, therefore an electrically generated channel might close the gap. In this case, the distance between the two wells could be relatively high, in the order of tens of meters, allowing for a better heat transfer from the rock to the circulated fluid.Fig.8 – Possible alternative to creating lateral channels for EGS heat mining systems. Thesolution can be applied also between two branches of a multilateral well.Solutions to increase the permeability and reduce the damage of the formationConfidential Page 6 Different solutions could be considered to increase the permeability of the formation and the reduction of damage during the life of the well, this invention will focus on electrical modification of the formation and could be performed anytime on demand, without accessing the well. The proposed solution can take advantage of different electrical technology solutions, however, two can be considered the most important: impulse fracturing and electric treatment technology (ETT).Impulse FracturingExperiments have shown that fracture patterns in oil shale occur at the temperature in which the connate water begins to expand by radiofrequency energy absorption in the connate water with a consequent increase in the electrical conductivity of the rock. It is believed that the resulting steam pressure creates micro-cracks in the rock associated with an increase in the local rock conductivity because of enhanced ion mobilities. The locally enhanced ion mobility by temperature increase combined with a very intense pulse of high voltage will create a localized dielectric breakdown of the rock either near a buried high voltage (HV) electrode or between a multiple of HV buried electrodes. This creates breakdown channels (See fig.9) of high electrical conductivity that can then be followed up with an intense pulse of current to achieve a plasma shock wave of locally expanding hot gases thereby establishing permanent openings in the rock along multiple pathways between electrodes. The depth of the electrodes and their design defines the zone of fracture. Thus, a combination of HVP (high voltage pulse) followed by HIP (high current pulse) can establish permanent fracture zones representing greatly enhanced rock permeability in regions desired for recovery of solid, liquid, or gaseous materials or subsurface storage. High Voltage FracturingFig.9 – Creation of high conductivity channels created in a low permeability rockAn example of early work experimental work by Kasevich is a highly conductive channel created in an oil shale rock sample by high voltage radiofrequency (RF) energy transferred between a buried set of electrodes spaced several inches apart (See fig.10). The channel indicated below was created from a voltage gradient in the shale of a few tens of volts per centimeter at a temperature near 100 degrees C created by RF dielectric heating. Chemical reactions visible occurred along a serpentine path between electrodes at the depth of the electrodes producing a localized high electrical conductivity pathway between the small boreholes. The rock was also physically separated into two parts (fractured) exposing the serpentine path. A similar high conductivity, the serpentine pathway was reported by the work published by the Laramie Energy Research Center (LERC) using 60 Hz alternating current in their rock fracture experiments. This early work by Kasevich led to the development of the recently patented impulsive high voltage, high current technology for producing highly permeable channels in tight rock formations.Confidential Page 7 Fig.10 – Conductivity channels created in a low permeability rock In summary, Electric Impulse fracturing in rock formations is carried out by a method employing impulsive voltage and current waveforms, applied in rapid succession. to achieve extensive localized fracturing and disintegration of rock materials for more efficient liquid and gas recovery. A possible impulse generator for power generation is the Marx generator shown in fig.11. High Voltage Generation• Impulse voltagegenerator (aka Marxgenerator)• Very high voltageoutput to inducebreakdown channels inoil shale• Low energyconsumption, small footprint, transportable . Fig.11 – Impulse voltage generatorIt is a series of capacitors initially electrically charged when connected in parallel and rapidly switched when fully charged into a series circuit for maximum output impulse voltage.This non-aqueous method of creating dynamic fracture patterns in tight geologic formations to enhance the production and control of oil or gas comprises applying high impulse voltage and current waveforms to specific volumes of geologic structure such as oil shale or natural gas shale for directed ionization. It uses electromagnetic energy from antennas or transmission line electrode-type systems designed to provide high impulse voltage and current discharges into the formation at the desired depth.The method of dynamic fracture in a rock matrix generally employs multiple locations of high-voltage borehole electrodes such as in the fishbone array designs. Electromagnetic conduction and/or radiation energy by multiple electrode systems in boreholes results in electrical breakdown channels and consequent fractures in the rock matrix sufficient to establish low resistance or high conductivity pathways. The resultant change in volume electrical resistance over the frequency range of 60 Hz to one MHz can be measured by a vector network impedance analyzer. It gives complex electrode input impedance and mutual impedance coupling between electrodes in separate boreholes. This data helps to define the channels of high-conductivity pathways. Applying impulsive high voltage and current to the channels with appropriate intensity, duty cycle, and impulse time waveform shape creates multiple and well-defined enhanced permeability pathways between pairs of electrodes..Confidential Page 8 Impulses may be applied with optional highly ionizable gas injections for enhancing electrical continuity to the formation from borehole electrodes. The intense impulse current waveform in conductive channels results in rock disintegration confined solely to the channels. An intense current waveform of pulse energy creates waves of ionization with heated gas that together propagate inside and around the conductive channels. This electrothermal mechanical action by electrical discharge or plasma generation in channels results in highly localized rock disintegration and enhanced air permeability. The resulting channel geometry has been observed to be similar to naturally occurring fulgurites. A bipolar electrode arrangement of antennas for such action is indicated in Figure 12. High voltage electrical contact with rock material is achieved through electrode design shape, the proximity of the electrode to the open well rock material, and ionizable gas injection if required. Pilot testing of a similar system did not require gas injection because of the chosen electrode design employed.Fig.12 – Bipolar electrode arrangement of antennasElectro Treatment Technology (ETT)This solution, based on the patent n. US 6,199,634, refers to the possibility of increasing the permeability of a productive formation by applying electrical impulses of relatively low voltage. The electric current entering the formation will travel along the connate water and the density of current will be higher where the pore spaces are smaller therefore the increase of current density and heat generated will be concentrated on the paths with lower permeability, creating new paths for the flow, that is the main purpose of technology. This solution can be applied in different ways, the most common for a single well is reported in fig 13, however, in oil fields, the treatment is normally performed by connecting two wells with different polarities at the wellhead, after disconnecting the flowlines to have two wells perfectly grounded and insulated from each other.Confidential Page 9 Fig.13 – Set up diagrams for the electric treatment of a single wells: 1 - electric energy source;2 - electric cable; 3 - grounding electrode; 4 - open shaft; 5 - electrode inside the well; 6 -weight; 7- metallic filtersIn this way, both wells are treated at the same time, possibly, but not limited to, with low-frequency electrical impulses. The stimulation can last some hours and monitoring of the electrical parameters from the surface will give a good indication of the progress of the application.An important side effect of this technology is also that with the application of specific electrical parameters it is also possible to reduce the water produced from the well. The effect is temporary but can last several months. The main reason for this is the fact that with high currents the water could locally evaporate creating microbubbles in the pores that can temporarily reduce the water flow. This opens also the possibility to consider this invention also a permanent system to reduce the water production. With the proposed solution, both the Impulse Fracturing as well as the ETT technology would be applied without any modification of the existing well system, just sending the proper impulse to the lower electrodes through the cables permanently installed along the well.Combination of the electrical action with the acid injection.In carbonate and chalk reservoirs acid injection can create channels independently from the ones electrically generated as previously described.Since both actions have the same consequence of creating a network of channels to improve the permeability of the formation or to close the loop inside the rocks for geothermal EGS systems, the two actions could be combined at least at the very beginning to create the initial communication channels. If the same might become plugged during the life of the well, an electrical stimulation should be able to restore the flow without the need of another acid stimulation. It is possible that the initial channels that would connect the two lateral electrodes could be guided by the electric flow that would create the path connecting the two extremes of the electrodes, while the acid injected at the right flowrate could increase the size of the channels dissoving the rock. As an example, considering a distance between two wells of approximately 30 m, and a length of each lateral of 10 m , there would be the need to close the gap with an electrically generated channel of 10 m. Considering the cross section of the electrically generated channel negligible, it would take about 1 m3 of acid to enlarge the channel to 10 cm diameter for the 10 m. This considering that acid is dissolving a volume of carbonate rock equal to approximately 10% of its volume.Heavy Oil applicationIn case of a heavy oil reservoir the system might allow also to generate an electrical current able to heat the lateral metallic pipes or the viscous oil flowing along the paths electrically generated. Once the channel has been created, the electric current would mainly be circulated to increase the temperature of the lateral needles and decrease in this way the viscosity of the oil flowing along the channels.Confidential Page 10
Claims
ClaimsWhat is claimed is:To increase permeabilityClaim 1 - A permanently installed method and apparatus to increase the permeability of a formation or to re-establish its permeability in the event of its decrease, along the whole well or part of it, comprising:• At least one borehole, preferentially horizontal, but not limited to, drilled in the permeable formation with a metallic tubular elements for the production or injection of fluids;• At least two metallic elements of the tubular to be in contact with the formation, also defined as electrodes, that are insulated from the rest of the tubular and the metallic structure of the well;• A system of electrical cables connecting the two electrodes to one electric generator preferably placed at the surface outside the well in such a way that the two electrodes have different polarities;• A specific sequence of electric impulses applied to the electrodes, therefore to the formation, able to create a current in the formation able to modify its permeability creating highly permeability channels;Claim 2 – Claim 1 with at least one electrode in the well and a second electrode at the surface connected to the ground in such a way that electrical current could flow through the formation ground from the electrode in the well to the electrode at the surface. If more than one electrode would be on the liner, all would have the same polarity.Claim 3 – Claim 2 with only at least one electrode in one well to create a doublet with at least one electrode in a second well with the same configuration, but the second electrode of opposite polarity to create high permeability channels and modify the permeability of the formation in the volume between the two wells. The two electrodes are connected to a surface generator by one cable in each well as in claim one. Claim 4 – Claims 1, 2, and 3 whereas at least one of the electrodes, instead of being placed along the production liner consist instead in a lateral metallic pipe (Or part of the same) connected to the main production liner and insulated from this.Claim 5 – Claims 3 and 4 whereas the electrodes, instead of being placed in two different wells, are placed in two or more branches of a multilateral well, i.e., a well with a single upper mother bore section and at least two or more branches departing to reach independent locations in the reservoir from a certain convenient depth.To reduce water productionClaim 6 – Claims 1 to 5 with the difference that the specific sequence of electric impulses applied to the electrodes, therefore to the formation, are specific to reduce the permeability to the water in the formation near the well to reduce its production with the creation of microbubbles inside the porous structure of the part of the formation producing the water.Claim 7 – Claim seven with an electric system able to control the application of the proper voltage and power only in some parts of the production liner or in some branches of a multilateral wells or in some lateral pipes, to reduce the water flow only in a part of the well believed to be in higher need of intervention. The different parts of the well could also be hydraulically insulated with sealing elements for example swell packers.For heat miningClaim 8 – Claim 3 with the following modifications:The two wells, preferably with a horizontal section each one parallel to the other separated by a given and constant distance.A series of lateral metallic pipes in each well directed towards the other well trying to meet halfway.Confidential Page 11 All lateral metallic pipes of one well have the same polarity, opposite to all lateral metallic pipes of the other well.A system of electrical cables connecting the two series of lateral metallic pipes to one electric generator preferably placed at the surface outside the well in such a way that the two series of metallic pipes have different polarities;A specific sequence of electric impulses applied to the electrodes, therefore to the formation, able to create a current in the formation able to modify its permeability creating highly permeability channels between the end of the metallic lateral pipes of one well and the end of the lateral metallic pipes of the other well, in such a way that the two wells will be connected by several channels, each channel being composed by a lateral metallic pipe of one well, a lateral metallic pipe of the other well and the electrically generated channel connecting the two extremes of the two lateral metallic pipes;For carbonate and chalk reservoirsClaim 9 – Claims 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 applied in carbonate or chalk reservoirs with the electrical action combined with the injection of acid through the lateral pipes to improve the size and direction of the electrically generated channels with the dissolving action of the rock by the acid.For heavy oilClaim 10- Claims 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 applied not only to create high permeability channels, but also to increase the temperature along the electrically generated channels or along the metallic lateral pipes.Confidential Page 12

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Patent classes

IPC classesE21B 43/24E21B 43/16CPC classesE21B 43/24E21B 43/2401E21B 43/16

Citations

US 2015167439 A1 (A1)CA 1209629 A (A)US 3211220 A (A)US 4319635 A (A)

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TG & T AS
TG & T AS

Org. number: 926448455

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Theodor Dahls veg 4B 4355 KVERNALAND NO (TIME Municipality, Rogaland county)Org. number: 926448455Inventors
GILBERTO TOFFOLO
Rossåskroken 6 4332 FIGGJO NO (SANDNES Municipality, Rogaland county)
RAY KASEVICH
PO Box 248 MA01258 SOUTH EGREMONT US

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